![]() ![]() There are no other plausible reasons for the correlation you’ve found.In terms of time, the cause comes before the effect.The cause and effect change simultaneously.If your study meets the following three requirements, then you can only presume cause and effect: In other words, if you can rule out other possible causes for your findings, you can be sure that your research is internally valid. And from this, we can be more confident in the outcome. The lower the chance of confounding in a study, the higher its internal validity. It also refers to the ability of research to rule out other causes for a result.Ĭonfounding is a condition in which various factors interfere with the outcome of a research. Internal validity in research verifies cause-and-effect relationships between your test situation and your research outcome. ![]()
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